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亚克力制品中添加的塑料助剂主要有哪些
Published:
2020-09-29
亚克力制品的材料的制作,少不了塑料助剂的使用,那么塑料助剂主要有哪几种类型呢?

1、抗静电剂抗静电剂起着消除或减少亚克力制品表面产生静电的作用。抗静电剂大多数是电解质,它们与合成树脂的相溶性有限,这样可以迁移至塑料表面,达到吸潮和消除静电的作用。
2、增强材料和填料在许多塑料中,增强材料和填料占有相当的比重,尤其是增强塑料和钙塑材料。主要目的是:为了提高亚克力制品的强度和刚性,一般加入各种纤维材料或无机物。最常用的增强材料有:玻璃纤维、石棉、石英、炭黑、硅酸盐、碳酸钙、金属氧化物等。
3、润滑剂润滑剂是为了改善塑料加热成型时的脱模性和提高亚克力制品的表面光洁度而加入的物质。常用的润滑剂有:硬脂酸及其盐类、石蜡、合成蜡等。
4、增塑剂增塑剂能增加塑料的柔软性、延伸性、可塑性,降低塑料流动温度和硬度,有利于亚克力制品的成型。常用的有苯二甲酸酯类、癸二酸酯类、氯化石蜡及樟脑等。我们最常见的是樟脑。
5、发泡剂塑料发泡剂是一种在一定温度下可以气化的低分子有机物,如二氯二氟甲烷;或者受热时会分解出气体的有机化合物。这些气体留在塑料基体中便形成有许多细微泡沫结构的泡沫塑料。常用的有偶氮化合物、亚硝基化合物等。
6、稳定剂我们都知道塑料制品在加工、贮存和使用过程中,在光、热、氧的作用下,会发生褪色、脆化、裂开的老化现象。为延缓和阻止老化现象的发生,必须加入稳定剂。主要用来防止热老化的,叫热稳定剂;主要用来防止氧化老化的,叫做抗氧剂;主要用来防止光老化的,叫做光稳定剂,它们统称为稳定剂。当今性能最优秀的塑料稳定剂是甲基锡热稳定剂(简称181),对硬质聚乙烯(PVC)的压延,挤塑,注塑和吹塑成型都非常有效。又由于它安全性高,所以特别用于食品包装和高清晰度的硬质聚乙烯制品,同时,它也被普遍应用于塑料门窗,上水管道,装饰材料中,以取代其他高毒性的塑料热稳定剂。它在美国,欧洲,日本得到了广泛的应用。近几年,181甲基锡热稳定剂在我国开始大量应用。
7、着色剂着色剂用于塑料的着色。主要起美化、修饰作用。塑料制品中约有80%是经过着色后制成最终亚克力制品的。
8、阻燃剂能够提高塑料耐燃性的助剂叫做阻燃剂。含有阻燃剂的塑料大多数具有自熄性,或燃烧速率减缓等。常用的阻燃剂有氧化锑及铝、硼的化合物,卤化物和磷酸酯、四氯苯二甲酸酐、四澳苯二甲酸酐等。
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